Experience

These include organic and inorganic substances; radioactive substances and the criteria pollutants, which are mainly carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, particulates and nitrogen oxides. Food is a potential pathway of exposure to inorganic contaminants, radioactive substances, dioxins, pesticides and fungicides, if these are present in the environment.

Specific examples of projects applied in various settings are HHRAs associated with:

• Mining, mineral processing, fossil fuel combustion and various other industrial activities
• Hazardous metals and metallic compounds
• Various organic and inorganic compounds
• Hazardous waste disposal
• Alternative uses of industrial by-products
• Application of agricultural and veterinary products
• Indoor air contamination by organics and microbial sources
• Contaminated food chains
• Multipathway dioxin HHRA
• HHRAs of contaminated surface water sediments
• Vapour intrusion from subsurface sources in the built environment
• Combustion products from industrial fires
• Destruction of energetic materials
• Radionuclide releases
• Petroleum product releases to soil, air and water
• Environmental and occupational health impacts of fuel additives
• Food supplements

HHRAs inform the client and the public of potential health risks, mitigation needs and options, and potential associated liabilities.